BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

BIOLOGY

POLYSACCHARIDES

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
What 2 types of molecules make up starch?
A
Liner/Helical Amylose and the branched amylopectin
B
Liner/Helical amylopectin and the branched Amylose
C
Either A or B
D
None of the above
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -Chemical Structure. Starch is comprised principally of two glucose polymers, amylose and amylopectin. Both polymers are made up of d-glucose units in cyclic pyranose form, linked through glycosidic bonds between carbons 1 and 4 of adjacent glucose monomers (Figure 1).

Detailed explanation-2: -Starch is a chain of glucose molecules which are bound together, to form a bigger molecule, which is called a polysaccharide. There are two types of polysaccharide in starch: Amylose – a linear chain of glucose. Amylopectin – a highly branched chain of glucose.

Detailed explanation-3: -Plant starch is composed of two distinct glucan polymers: amylose, a linear chain of glucose units linked through -1, 4-glycosidic bond, and amylopectin, a highly branched glucose polymer including -1, 6-glycosidic linkage at branch points (Fig. 9.2).

Detailed explanation-4: -Amylopectin is a branched chain of glucose units linked by -1, 4-glycosidic bonds and -1, 6-glycosidic bonds, whereas amylose is a linear chain of -1, 4-glucans (Alcazar-Alay and Meireles, 2015).

Detailed explanation-5: -Amylopectin bears a straight/linear chain along with a number of side chains which may be branched further. Glucose units are linked in a linear way with (1→4) Glycosidic bonds.

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