BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The carbon, carboxyl, and amino groups are common to all amino acids, so the R-group is the only unique feature in each amino acid. (A minor exception to this structure is that of proline, in which the end of the R-group is attached to the -amine.)

Detailed explanation-2: -Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, also known as the alpha () carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom.

Detailed explanation-3: -An R-Group is a side chain attached to the -carbon of all amino acids. It decides the chemical versatility of the amino acid. For example, some R-Groups carry a charge, creating a polar molecule. Some R-groups are hydrophobic or hydrophillic.

Detailed explanation-4: -Amino acids differ from each other with respect to their side chains, which are referred to as R groups. The R group for each of the amino acids will differ in structure, electrical charge, and polarity.