BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -There are three amino acids that have basic side chains at neutral pH. These are arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys), and histidine (His). Their side chains contain nitrogen and resemble ammonia, which is a base. Their pKa’s are high enough that they tend to bind protons, gaining a positive charge in the process.

Detailed explanation-2: -There are basically four different classes of amino acids determined by different side chains: (1) non-polar and neutral, (2) polar and neutral, (3) acidic and polar, (4) basic and polar. Principles of Polarity: The greater the electronegativity difference between atoms in a bond, the more polar the bond.

Detailed explanation-3: -The side chain of methionine is C2H7S. Methionine is a linear molecule, meaning that its side chain doesn’t branch into a ‘y’ shape, but instead each molecule is lined up in a straight line. Methionine is also denoted by Met or M in literature.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cysteine (symbol Cys or C; /ˈsɪstɪiːn/) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HOOC−CH(−NH 2)−CH 2−SH. The thiol side chain in cysteine often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile.