BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Insulin, GH and IGF-I play a dominant role in the day-to-day regulation of protein metabolism. In humans insulin appears to act primarily to inhibit proteolysis while GH stimulates protein synthesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -A continuous turnover of protein (synthesis and breakdown) maintains the functional integrity and quality of skeletal muscle. Hormones are important regulators of this remodeling process.

Detailed explanation-3: -Regulatory proteins are typically either activators or repressors. Activators are regulatory proteins that promote transcription by enhancing the interaction of RNA polymerase with the promoter.

Detailed explanation-4: -Regulatory proteins, such as transcription factors (TFs), protect their binding DNA sequences from nuclease cleavage, resulting in the markedly increased accessibility surrounding their binding sites and over neighboring chromatin (Hesselberth et al., 2009).