BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -3) Translocation: the ribosome moves one codon over on the mRNA toward the 3’ end. This shifts the tRNA in the A site to the P site, and the tRNA in the P site to the E site. The empty tRNA in the E site then exits the ribosome.

Detailed explanation-2: -Transcription takes place in the nucleus. During transcription, DNA partially unwinds by the enzyme helicase. This results in the single nucleotide chain to be copied. RNA polymerase reads the DNA strand from the 3’ to 5’ direction and synthesizes the complementary strand of messenger RNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction.

Detailed explanation-3: -The codon AAG codes for the amino acid, lysine. Therefore, the tRNA with the anticodon 5’ CUU 3’ will carry a lysine.

Detailed explanation-4: -5′ tRNA halves are derived from the same part of tRNA molecules as 5′ tRFs, indeed they contain the 5′ tRF sequence. However, translation repression by 5′ tRNA halves requires a run of at least four guanosine residues at the 5′ end of the molecule, which is present in tRNAAla and tRNACys only.