BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The five-carbon sugar in DNA is called deoxyribose, while in RNA, the sugar is ribose. These two are very similar in structure, with just one difference: the second carbon of ribose bears a hydroxyl group, while the equivalent carbon of deoxyribose has a hydrogen instead.

Detailed explanation-2: -Each of the nucleotides in RNA is made up of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group. In the case of RNA, the five-carbon sugar is ribose, not deoxyribose. Ribose has a hydroxyl group at the 2′ carbon, unlike deoxyribose, which has only a hydrogen atom (Figure 9.5).

Detailed explanation-3: -deoxyribose, also called d-2-deoxyribose, five-carbon sugar component of DNA (q.v.; deoxyribonucleic acid), where it alternates with phosphate groups to form the “backbone” of the DNA polymer and binds to nitrogenous bases.

Detailed explanation-4: -The sugar in DNA has 5 carbon atoms (labelled 1’-5’), and is called deoxy-ribose (hence the “Deoxy-ribo” in DNA). The term “deoxy” refers to the fact that there is no oxygen attached to the 2’ carbon atom.

Detailed explanation-5: -Both DNA and RNA are built with a sugar backbone, but whereas the sugar in DNA is called deoxyribose (left in image), the sugar in RNA is called simply ribose (right in image).