BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Polypeptide, which is formed by polymerization of amino acids, is a single-stranded chain. The order of amino acid sequence of extant proteins is determined by genetic information written as base sequence of DNA.

Detailed explanation-2: -Groups of Monomers and Polymers Proteins-polymers are known as polypeptides; monomers are amino acids. Nucleic Acids-polymers are DNA and RNA; monomers are nucleotides, which are in turn consist of a nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group.

Detailed explanation-3: -The folding of many proteins begins even during the translation of the polypeptide chain. The amino acids interact with each other to produce a well-defined three-dimensional structure, the folded protein (see the right side of the figure), known as the native state.

Detailed explanation-4: -Protein catabolism often begins with pepsin, which converts proteins into polypeptides. These polypeptides are then further degraded. In humans, the pancreatic proteases include trypsin, chymotrypsin, and other enzymes.

Detailed explanation-5: -When connected together by a series of peptide bonds, amino acids form a polypeptide, another word for protein. The polypeptide will then fold into a specific conformation depending on the interactions (dashed lines) between its amino acid side chains.