BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -During transcription, a piece of DNA that codes for a specific gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus of the cell. The mRNA then carries the genetic information from the DNA to the cytoplasm, where translation occurs.

Detailed explanation-2: -In transcription, DNA is converted to mRNA. It takes place in the nucleus of a cell. The newly formed mRNA, undergoes processing, and moves out into the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores, to proceed with the next step of protein synthesis, which is translation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Transcription occurs in the nucleus and not in the cytoplasm in eukaryotes because eukaryotes store the DNA in the nucleus. In prokaryotes, there is no nucleus and the DNA is in the cytoplasm. Thus, transcription can occur in the cytoplasm as well.

Detailed explanation-4: -The most prominent substructure within the nucleus is the nucleolus (see Figure 8.1), which is the site of rRNA transcription and processing, and of ribosome assembly.

Detailed explanation-5: -Thus, in eukaryotes, while transcription occurs in the nucleus, translation occurs in the cytoplasm.