BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Messenger proteins, such as some types of hormones, transmit signals to coordinate biological processes between different cells, tissues, and organs. These proteins provide structure and support for cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Chemical signals between cells are called ligands. A ligand is a molecule that binds another specific molecule. In the case of cell signaling, the ligand binds a receptor, a protein in or on the target cell. Examples of ligands include hormones and neurotransmitters.

Detailed explanation-3: -Another major class of signaling enzymes is guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins, also called G proteins, a large family of signaling proteins that control a wide array of cellular functions, including motility, hormone responses, sensory perception, and neurotransmission. G proteins function as molecular switches.

Detailed explanation-4: -In multicellular organisms, growth factors, hormones, neurotransmitters, and extracellular matrix components are some of the many types of chemical signals cells use. These substances can exert their effects locally, or they might travel over long distances.