BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -A well-protected functional proteome ensures cell recovery from extensive radiation damage to other cellular constituents by molecular repair and turnover processes, including an efficient repair of disintegrated DNA.

Detailed explanation-2: -The bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans shows remarkable resistance to a range of damage caused by ionizing radiation, desiccation, UV radiation, oxidizing agents, and electrophilic mutagens.

Detailed explanation-3: -Bacteria and several other organisms also possess another mechanism to repair UV damage called photoreactivation. This method is often referred to as “light repair, ” because it is dependent on the presence of light energy.

Detailed explanation-4: -Deinococcus radiodurans bacteria are naturally very resistant to radiation, because of their extraordinary capacity to repair their DNA when it gets damaged, says Yamagishi.

Detailed explanation-5: -Deinococcus accomplishes its resistance to radiation by having multiple copies of its genome and rapid DNA repair mechanisms. It usually repairs breaks in its chromosomes within 12–24 hours by a 2-step process. First, D. radiodurans reconnects some chromosome fragments by a process called single-stranded annealing.