BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Each R-group or side chain of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids are different from one another. The R-group dictates the properties (size and structure) and nature of the amino acid (polarity). It determines if the amino acid is considered acidic, polar, nonpolar, basic, or neutral.

Detailed explanation-2: -The R group determines the characteristics (size, polarity, and pH) for each type of amino acid. Peptide bonds form between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another through dehydration synthesis.

Detailed explanation-3: -The R groups have a variety of shapes, sizes, charges, and reactivities. This allows amino acids to be grouped according to the chemical properties of their side chains. For example, some amino acids have polar side chains that are soluble in water; examples include serine, threonine, and asparagine.

Detailed explanation-4: -Amino acids can be classified based on the characteristics of their distinctive side chains as nonpolar, polar but uncharged, negatively charged, or positively charged. The amino acids found in proteins are L-amino acids.