BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -How amino acids form peptide bonds (peptide linkages) through a condensation reaction (dehydration synthesis).

Detailed explanation-2: -Hence, the process that links two amino acids together is called condensation. The condensation reaction is also called a dehydration reaction. For this, the amino group contributes one hydrogen, while the carboxyl group contributes a hydroxyl group.

Detailed explanation-3: -In a dehydration synthesis reaction, the hydrogen of one monomer combines with the hydroxyl group of another monomer, releasing a molecule of water (Figure 3.2). At the same time, the monomers share electrons and form covalent bonds. As additional monomers join, this chain of repeating monomers forms a polymer.

Detailed explanation-4: -Amino acids are joined together by dehydration synthesis to form a molecule called a polypeptide. When two amino acids are covalently bonded together, the bond is called a peptide bond, hence the name polypeptide (Figure 2.12).

Detailed explanation-5: -A peptide bond (CO-NH) is a chemical bond produced by attaching the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another, forming a peptide chain. Since a water molecule is released to form a peptide bond, the process is referred to as dehydration synthesis.