BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -A protein molecule is made from a long chain of these amino acids, each linked to its neighbor through a covalent peptide bond (Figure 3-1). Proteins are therefore also known as polypeptides.

Detailed explanation-2: -Sequence changes at protein level are basically described as those at the DNA level with the following modifications/additions; the one letter amino acid code is used, with “X” designating a translation termination codon.

Detailed explanation-3: -The one-letter symbol for an undetermined amino acid is X. The three-letter symbol Asx or one-letter symbol B means the amino acid is either asparagine or aspartic acid; Glx or Z means either glutamic acid or glutamine; and Xle or J means either leucine or isoleucine.

Detailed explanation-4: -X is often used to highlight the presence of an unknown amino acid. It may happen due to multiple sequences showing different amino acids or if the original sequence’s quality was too poor to attribute a nucleotide with certainty.

Detailed explanation-5: -Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein.