BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Secondary structure refers to regular, recurring arrangements in space of adjacent amino acid residues in a polypeptide chain. It is maintained by hydrogen bonds between amide hydrogens and carbonyl oxygens of the peptide backbone. The major secondary structures are -helices and -structures.

Detailed explanation-2: -The secondary structure arises from the hydrogen bonds formed between atoms of the polypeptide backbone. The hydrogen bonds form between the partially negative oxygen atom and the partially positive nitrogen atom.

Detailed explanation-3: -1 -Helix. An -helix secondary structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between carbonyl oxygen and the amino group of every third residue in the helical turn with each helical turn consisting of 3.6 amino acid residues (Fig.

Detailed explanation-4: -Proteins have four levels of organization. Primary structure refers to the linear sequence of the amino acids connected by the peptide bonds. The secondary structure consists of local packing of polypeptide chain into -helices and -sheets due to hydrogen bonds between peptide bond – central carbon backbone.