BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce regulatory molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Genes contain instructions for assembling proteins. Many proteins are enzymes, which catalyze and regulate chemical reactions. Proteins are each specifically designed to build or operate a component of a living cell. ❖The sequence of bases in DNA is used as a template for mRNA.

Detailed explanation-3: -Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the instructions for making proteins. Like DNA, proteins are polymers: long chains assembled from prefab molecular units, which, in the case of proteins, are amino acids. A large molecular machine* called the ribosome translates the mRNA code and assembles the proteins.

Detailed explanation-4: -Each protein is coded for by a gene, which is typically hundreds or thousands of base pairs in length. The information in the gene specifies the order in which the amino acids will be assembled into the protein. The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell.