BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Abstract. Transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases are enzymes that attach a specific amino acid to its corresponding tRNA for protein biosynthesis at the ribosome. Organisms use up to 20 tRNA synthetases to generate aminoacyl-tRNAs, one for each of the 20 standard amino acids.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer and Explanation: tRNAs have one amino acid attached per molecule.

Detailed explanation-3: -Motivation: The standard genetic code translates 61 codons into 20 amino acids using fewer than 61 transfer RNAs (tRNAs).

Detailed explanation-4: -tRNAs are adapter molecules that coordinate between the mRNA and the polypeptide chain that the cell needs to build. Each tRNA is designed to carry a specific amino acid that it can add to a polypeptide chain. tRNAs bring their amino acids to the mRNA in a specific order.

Detailed explanation-5: -At one end, the tRNA has an anticodon of 3’-UAC-5’, and it binds to a codon in an mRNA that has a sequence of 5’-AUG-3’ through complementary base pairing. The other end of the tRNA carries the amino acid methionine (Met), which is the the amino acid specified by the mRNA codon AUG.