BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The growth phase of the cell cycle terminates with the separation of the two sister chromatids of each chromosome, and the cell divides during mitosis. Before cell division, the complete DNA sequence is copied by the enzyme DNA polymerase in a process called DNA replication.

Detailed explanation-2: -DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. Replication is an essential process because, whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mitosis is a fundamental process for life. During mitosis, a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Before meiosis begins, the DNA in each chromosome is replicated. The two identical copies that result from this DNA replication are referred to as ‘sister chromatids’, and are joined to each other by a region of the chromosome called the centromere (as shown in figure 1).

Detailed explanation-5: -During every cell division, a cell must duplicate its chromosomal DNA through a process called DNA replication. The duplicated DNA is then segregated into two “daughter” cells that inherit the same genetic information. This process is called chromosome segregation.