BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Messenger proteins, such as some types of hormones, transmit signals to coordinate biological processes between different cells, tissues, and organs. These proteins provide structure and support for cells. On a larger scale, they also allow the body to move.

Detailed explanation-2: -Insulin, glucagon, thyrocalcitonin, pituitary hormones, and hypothalamic hormones are examples of protein hormones.

Detailed explanation-3: -Proteins are responsible for hormone synthesis. Recall that hormones are the chemical messages produced by the endocrine glands. When an endocrine gland is stimulated, it releases a hormone.

Detailed explanation-4: -Two groups of proteins, called cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), are responsible for the progress of the cell through the various checkpoints. The levels of the four cyclin proteins fluctuate throughout the cell cycle in a predictable pattern (Figure 2).

Detailed explanation-5: -Proteins are a class of macromolecules that perform a diverse range of functions for the cell. They help in metabolism by providing structural support and by acting as enzymes, carriers, or hormones. The building blocks of proteins (monomers) are amino acids.