BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The segment shown here is joined to two others by peptide bonds. (Stick + polar H view, EnzDes coloring.) The alpha carbon is the central point in the backbone of every amino acid. The alpha carbon (-carbon or C) is what connects the amino group to the acid carboxyl group, giving amino acids their name.

Detailed explanation-2: -Chemically, an amino acid is a molecule that has a carboxylic acid group and an amine group that are each attached to a carbon atom called the carbon. Each of the 20 amino acids has a specific side chain, known as an R group, that is also attached to the carbon.

Detailed explanation-3: -A peptide bond, also referred to as an amide bond, is formed between the -nitrogen atom of one amino acid and the carbonyl carbon of a second (diagrammed below). So-called isopeptide bonds refer to amide bonds between sidechain amines or carbonyl carbons on the side chain rather than -amine or -carbonyl.

Detailed explanation-4: -Amino acids in proteins (or polypeptides) are joined together by peptide bonds. The sequence of R-groups along the chain is called the primary structure. Secondary structure refers to the local folding of the polypeptide chain.