BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Tertiary structure-the level of protein structure at which an entire polypeptide chain has folded into a three-dimensional structure. In multi-chain proteins, the term tertiary structure applies to the individual chains.

Detailed explanation-2: -Abstract. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major protein folding compartment for secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins. Each of these newly-synthesized polypeptides folds in a deterministic process, affected by the unique conditions that exist in the ER.

Detailed explanation-3: -Proteins that are destined for export to intracellular membranes or secretion into the plasma are translocated into the ER, where folding takes place prior to secretion through the Golgi apparatus. The ER contains a number of molecular chaperones and folding catalysts that promote efficient folding.

Detailed explanation-4: -Plasma membrane and lysosomal proteins also travel from the rough ER to the Golgi and then to their final destinations. Still other proteins travel through the initial steps of the secretory pathway but are then retained and function within either the ER or the Golgi apparatus.

Detailed explanation-5: -The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.