CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Negative reinforcement strengthens a response or behavior by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus. 1 B. F. Skinner first described the term in his theory of operant conditioning.

Detailed explanation-2: -Positive reinforcement strengthens a response by presenting something that is typically pleasant after the response, whereas negative reinforcement strengthens a response by reducing or removing something that is typically unpleasant.

Detailed explanation-3: -Negative punishment happens when a certain reinforcing stimulus is removed after a particular undesired behavior is exhibited, resulting in the behavior happening less often in the future.

Detailed explanation-4: -For example, spanking a child when he throws a tantrum is an example of positive punishment. Something is added to the mix (spanking) to discourage a bad behavior (throwing a tantrum). On the other hand, removing restrictions from a child when she follows the rules is an example of negative reinforcement.

Detailed explanation-5: -Positive reinforcement: This involves adding something to increase response, such as giving a piece of candy to a child after they clean their room. Negative reinforcement: This involves removing something to increase response, such as canceling a quiz if students turn in all of their homework for the week.