MEDICINE
CARDIOLOGY
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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a constant 2:1 conduction ratio.
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the presence of sawtooth F waves.
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a ventricular rate less than 100 beats/min.
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an irregular but consistent R-R interval.
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Detailed explanation-1: -Patients with atrial flutter can be asymptomatic or present with symptoms as palpitations, lightheadedness, fatigue, and shortness of breath especially in the presence of rapid ventricular conduction.
Detailed explanation-2: -The two characteristic findings in AF are present: the very rapid atrial fibrillatory waves (f waves), which are variable in appearance; and the irregularly irregular ventricular response as the R-R interval between beats is unpredictable. Coarse AF may appear similar to atrial flutter.
Detailed explanation-3: -On the surface electrocardiogram, the atrial flutter wave forms a “sawtooth” pattern in the inferior leads (Fig. 1). This pattern is composed of a two‐phased descent and a rapid ascent, with no isoelectric interval. The initial descent is gradual, followed by a sharp, steep component.
Detailed explanation-4: -Narrow complex tachycardia. Regular atrial activity at 300 bpm. Loss of the isoelectric baseline. “Saw-tooth” pattern of inverted flutter waves in leads II, III, aVF. Upright flutter waves in V1 that may resemble P waves. Ventricular rate depends on AV conduction ratio (see below) 11-Feb-2022