CLINICAL MEDICINE

Detailed explanation-1: -Most noninfectious diseases have a complex, multifactorial set of causes, often including a mix of genetic and environmental variables. Examples of noninfectious diseases include cystic fibrosis, most cancers, cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, and diabetes mellitus.

Detailed explanation-2: -Examples of inherited noninfectious conditions include cystic fibrosis and Down syndrome. If you’re born with these conditions, you must learn how to manage the symptoms. Examples of conditions caused by environmental or lifestyle factors include heart disease and skin cancer.

Detailed explanation-3: -Non-infectious diseases include genetic diseases, diseases caused by environmental exposure, nutritional diseases, and cancer.

Detailed explanation-4: -NCDs share four major risk factors: tobacco use, physical inactivity, the harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diets.

Detailed explanation-5: -A complex combination of environmental, pathogen and host genetic factors plays a role in determining both susceptibility to particular microbes and the course of infection. Numerous studies have now mapped and identified relevant genes using a variety of both family-based and population-based approaches.