CLINICAL MEDICINE

Detailed explanation-1: -The innate immune system: Fast and general effectiveness The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against germs entering the body. It responds in the same way to all germs and foreign substances, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the “nonspecific” immune system.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cytokines attract the attention of certain cells to start healing your cut. They also alert your immune system to scan for infection in the injured area. You will notice the injured area swelling and getting red as all the cells that the cytokines called rush to the scene. This swelling is called inflammation.

Detailed explanation-3: -The immune system responds to antigens by producing cells that directly attack the pathogen, or by producing special proteins called antibodies. Antibodies attach to an antigen and attract cells that will engulf and destroy the pathogen. The main cells of the immune system are lymphocytes known as B cells and T cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -The main job of the innate immune system is to fight harmful substances and germs that enter the body, for instance through the skin or digestive system. The adaptive (specific) immune system makes antibodies and uses them to specifically fight certain germs that the body has previously come into contact with.