MEDICINE
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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a human cell being attacked and intruded by influenza
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the COVID-19 vaccine being administered to patients
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an infected tick latching itself to and feeding off of a praying mantis
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Febreze!
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a wounded dog barking at a bird’s nest
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Detailed explanation-1: -The influenza virus’s hemagglutinin (HA) surface proteins then bind to the sialic acid receptors on the surface of a human respiratory tract cell. The structure of the influenza virus’s HA surface proteins is designed to fit the sialic acid receptors of the human cell, like a key to a lock.
Detailed explanation-2: -The replication of the influenza genome involves two steps: transcription of complimentary RNA (cRNA), followed by transcription of new vRNA copies using the cRNAs as templates.
Detailed explanation-3: -Influenza virus infects respiratory epithelial cells that line the upper (including nasal) through lower (to the alveoli) respiratory tract.
Detailed explanation-4: -T cells and B cells play key roles in adaptive immunity against the IAV infection. T cells are mainly known as CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which produce cytokines and effector molecules to restrict viral replication and kill virus-infected cells.