CLINICAL MEDICINE

Detailed explanation-1: -The causative agent of cholera, the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae, is a facultative pathogen that has both human and environmental stages in its life cycle9, 10. V. cholerae is differentiated serologically on the basis of the O antigen of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (FIG.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the toxigenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 or O139. An estimated 1.3 to 4 million people around the world get cholera each year and 21, 000 to 143, 000 people die from it.

Detailed explanation-3: -The pathogenicity of Vibrio is related to virulence factors encoded by virulence genes (adhesion factors, cytotoxins, extracellular enzymes, capsular polysaccharides, iron uptake system, etc.), and different virulence factors play different roles in the infection process.

Detailed explanation-4: -Vibrio cholerae is the pathogen which causes cholera.