CLINICAL MEDICINE

Detailed explanation-1: -Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has been attributed to the plasticity of its central carbon metabolism (CCM) machinery, which facilitates ready adaptation of pathogen to the intracellular milieu of the macrophage [1].

Detailed explanation-3: -Pathogenic mycobacteria, including the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy, are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. A hallmark of these pathogens is their tendency to establish chronic infections that produce similar pathologies in a variety of hosts.

Detailed explanation-4: -Tuberculosis is a chronic, progressive mycobacterial infection, often with an asymptomatic latent period following initial infection. Tuberculosis most commonly affects the lungs. Symptoms include productive cough, fever, weight loss, and malaise.

Detailed explanation-5: -Mycobacterium is a genus of over 190 species in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and leprosy (M. leprae) in humans.