CLINICAL MEDICINE

Detailed explanation-1: -Too much vertical angulation will produce images that are foreshortened. Too little vertical angulation will result in images that are elongated. The beam must be centered to avoid cone cutting.

Detailed explanation-2: -Foreshortening or shortening of the teeth and the surrounding structures can also result from improper vertical angulation. Foreshortening is the result of overangulation of the x-ray beam (too much vertical angle).

Detailed explanation-3: -Foreshortening of Image: Cause of Foreshortening: Due to excessive vertical angulation (too high) of the x-ray tube during taking the radiograph. This can make it difficult in certain cases like Endodontic treatment where the working length cannot be properly determined due to the difference in size of the tooth.

Detailed explanation-4: –When the vertical angulation is too steep, the image of the tooth appears shorter than the actual tooth.-Also occurs if the central ray is directed perpendicular to the plane of the receptor rather than to the imaginary bisector.