CLINICAL MEDICINE

Detailed explanation-1: -In radiography, the two important determinants of x-ray beam quality are tube voltage and beam filtration. Increasing the tube voltage or the total amount of filtration or both will increase the average photon energy and thereby the x-ray beam penetrating power.

Detailed explanation-2: -Factors influencing x-ray quantity includes: peak voltage (kVp): beam quantity is approximately proportional to the square of the tube potential. generator type/voltage waveform: reducing ripple increases beam quantity. beam filtration: increasing filtration reduces beam quantity.

Detailed explanation-3: -For industrial radiography, the filters added to the x-ray beam are most often constructed of high atomic number materials such as lead, copper, or brass. Filters for medical radiography are usually made of aluminum (Al).

Detailed explanation-4: -Therefore, the beam’s intensity is affected by beam quality (kVp) and beam quantity (mAs). The beam intensity is also affected by the distance between the x-ray tube and the exposed area. If we increase the distance, the beam intensity decreases following the inverse square law (Figure 7).

Detailed explanation-5: -An x-ray tube functions as a specific energy converter, receiving electrical energy and converting it into two other forms of energy: x-radiation (1%) and heat (99%).