CLINICAL MEDICINE

Detailed explanation-1: -When a patient’s chin is too low, the mandibular anterior teeth appear blurry and foreshortened, the condyles appear at the top of the image, and the occlusal plane is exaggerated (Figure 12). FIGURE 9. Panoramic radiograph with wide and blurry anterior teeth due to the patient positioned posterior to the focal trough.

Detailed explanation-2: -Tipping the patient’s chin too far up or down leads to poor image quality. With the chin up, the occlusal plane appears flattened out or “frowning” and there is superimposition of the palate over the apices of the maxillary teeth.

Detailed explanation-3: -Patient Positioning Guidelines. If patient is able to stand, have them stand erect without the spine being slumped. If patient is seated, they should sit as upright as possible. It helps to do a test run with the panoramic machine to make sure it will not hit the patient’s shoulders.

Detailed explanation-4: -All patients (male and female) should be asked to remove the jewelry around the head and neck before panoramic radiography is performed. Ghost images of earrings are generally magnified and displayed over the maxillary sinus and body of the mandible on the opposite side of the radiographic image (Fig.

Detailed explanation-5: -One disadvantage to the use of panoramic radiography is the magnification and distortion that occurs when the patient’s jaws are not positioned near the focal trough of the X-ray beam.