CLINICAL MEDICINE

Detailed explanation-1: -When the source to object distance increases, the intensity of the x-ray beam decreases following the inverse square law, this will result in a decrease in the intensity of the beam reaching the object, and this results in a decrease in image density (Figure 4).

Detailed explanation-2: -Potassium alum, aluminium chloride etc. are used as the hardening agent in the fixer solution. It hardens and shrinks the gelatin in the film emulsion to prevent its oxidation and protects it against the scratches. It also shortens the drying time.

Detailed explanation-3: -Factors Affecting Radiographic Density. Greater radiographic density may be produced by increasing (1) the total number of x-rays that reach the film, (2) the penetrating power of the x-rays, (3) the developing time, or (4) the temperature of the developer.

Detailed explanation-4: -Films that remain in the fixer too long appear light. Films that are underexposed appear light. Insufficient washing may cause some yellow-brown staining on the processed radiograph.