CLINICAL MEDICINE

Detailed explanation-1: -Foreshortening: Distortion of anatomic structures when the image appears shorter than actual size due to the plane of interest not being parallel to the film surface.

Detailed explanation-2: -[7] Distortion of an image is any misrepresentation or inaccurate impression of the target structure. Size distortion is magnifying the anatomical structure and is usually caused by an increased object-to-image receptor distance or decreased distance between the source of radiation and the image receptor.

Detailed explanation-3: -Shape distortion is altering the typical anatomic layout of a structure and usually involves the elongation or foreshortening of a structure. The direction and degree of angulation directly influence the amount of shape distortion seen on a radiograph.