CLINICAL MEDICINE

Detailed explanation-1: -The first phase is called inspiration, or inhaling. When the lungs inhale, the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward. At the same time, the muscles between the ribs contract and pull upward. This increases the size of the thoracic cavity and decreases the pressure inside.

Detailed explanation-2: -Respiratory muscles As the diaphragm contracts, it increases the length and diameter of the chest cavity and thus expands the lungs. The intercostal muscles and neck muscles help move the rib cage and thus assist in breathing. Abdominal muscles are sometimes involved in breathing out.

Detailed explanation-3: -During inhalation, the anterior-posterior, vertical, and transverse dimensions of the thorax are increased. Contraction of the dome-shaped diaphragm causes the central tendon to be pulled inferiorly, flattening the diaphragm and increasing the vertical dimensions of the thorax.

Detailed explanation-4: -During exhalation, the diaphragm also relaxes, moving higher into the thoracic cavity. This increases the pressure within the thoracic cavity relative to the environment. Air rushes out of the lungs due to the pressure gradient between the thoracic cavity and the atmosphere.