DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The primary functions of the stem are to support the leaves; to conduct water and minerals to the leaves, where they can be converted into usable products by photosynthesis; and to transport these products from the leaves to other parts of the plant, including the roots.

Detailed explanation-2: -(i) It supports branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits. (ii) It transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and other parts of plants. (iii) It transports food from leaves to different parts of the plant. (iv) It holds the plant upright.

Detailed explanation-3: -The vascular tissue for the transport of water and nutrients in the plant is called the xylem. The xylem forms a continuous network of channels that connects roots to the leaves through the stem and branches and thus transports water to the entire plant .

Detailed explanation-4: -It is responsible for carrying minerals, water, and glucose to different parts of the plant. When the stems are green, they may contain chloroplasts and perform photosynthesis. The stems can also be modified for food storage (tubers) and vegetative propagation (bear buds) as seen in potatoes.