DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis convert solar energy into chemical energy, producing ATP and NADPH or NADH to temporarily store this energy. In oxygenic photosynthesis, H2O serves as the electron donor to replace the reaction center electron, and oxygen is formed as a byproduct.

Detailed explanation-2: -In the light-dependent reactions, which take place at the thylakoid membrane, chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight and then converts it into chemical energy with the use of water. The light-dependent reactions release oxygen as a byproduct as water is broken apart.

Detailed explanation-3: -Water molecules are broken down to release electrons. These electrons then move down a gradient, storing energy in ATP in the process.

Detailed explanation-4: -Source of electrons. The PSII reaction center gets electrons from water, while the PSI reaction center is replenished by electrons that flow down an electron transport chain from PSII.