DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -CAM plants undergo photosynthesis. Therefore, the stomata of such plants only open at night and remain closed throughout the day in order to prevent excessive water loss through transpiration.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cacti utilize CAM photosynthesis, a process unique to succulents. In CAM photosynthesis, stomata open only at night when the plant is relatively cool, so less moisture is lost through transpiration.

Detailed explanation-3: -C3 photosynthesis produces a three-carbon compound via the Calvin cycle while C4 photosynthesis makes an intermediate four-carbon compound that splits into a three-carbon compound for the Calvin cycle. Plants that use CAM photosynthesis gather sunlight during the day and fix carbon dioxide molecules at night.

Detailed explanation-4: -Stomata in xerophytes open at night and close during the day as a water-saving adaptation. At night, CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) plants open their stomata.