EDUCATION (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -(d) Naturalism. 75. According to which educational philosophy, socially useful labour must form the central pivot of the entire school? (d) Naturalism.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Marxist approach to education is broadly constructivist and emphasizes activity, collaboration, and critique, rather than passive absorption of knowledge.

Detailed explanation-3: -Essentialism adheres to a belief that a core set of essential skills must be taught to all students. Essentialists tend to privilege traditional academic disciplines that will develop prescribed skills and objectives in different content areas as well as develop a common culture.

Detailed explanation-4: -Idealism is a school of philosophy that emphasizes that “ideas or concepts are the essence of all that is worth know-ing” (Johnson et. al., 2011, p. 87). Based on the writings of Plato, this school of philosophy encourages conscious reason-ing in the mind.

Detailed explanation-5: -Existentialists believe that every individual is unique and education must cater to the individual differences. Therefore, the objective of education is to enable every individual to develop his unique qualities, to harness his potentialities and cultivate his individualities.