EDUCATION (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -(d) Naturalism. 75. According to which educational philosophy, socially useful labour must form the central pivot of the entire school? (d) Naturalism.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Marxist approach to education is broadly constructivist and emphasizes activity, collaboration, and critique, rather than passive absorption of knowledge.

Detailed explanation-3: -Essentialism adheres to a belief that a core set of essential skills must be taught to all students. Essentialists tend to privilege traditional academic disciplines that will develop prescribed skills and objectives in different content areas as well as develop a common culture.

Detailed explanation-4: -Idealism is a school of philosophy that emphasizes that “ideas or concepts are the essence of all that is worth know-ing” (Johnson et. al., 2011, p. 87). Based on the writings of Plato, this school of philosophy encourages conscious reason-ing in the mind.

Detailed explanation-5: -Applied to education, naturalism considers child as a gift of nature with potentialities for natural growth according to laws of nature. The child is an active individual capable of self-development. The aim of education is to develop the child as healthy and active personality in a natural setting.