EDUCATION (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -anumana, (Sanskrit: “measuring along some other thing” or “inference”) in Indian philosophy, the second of the pramanas, or the five means of knowledge. Inference occupies a central place in the Hindu school of logic (Nyaya).

Detailed explanation-2: -The Nyaya school holds that there are four valid means of knowledge: perception (pratyaksha), inference (anumana), comparison (upamana), and sound, or testimony (shabda). Invalid knowledge involves memory, doubt, error, and hypothetical argument.

Detailed explanation-3: -Inference can also be classified into 3 types: Purvavat (inferring an unperceived effect from a perceived cause), Sheshavat (inferring an unperceived cause from a perceived effect) and Samanyatodrishta (when inference is not based on causation but on uniformity of co-existence).

Detailed explanation-4: -Definition. Knowledge inference refers to acquiring new knowledge from existing facts based on certain rules and constraints. One way of representing these rules and constraints is through the use of logic rules, formally known as knowledge representation.