EDUCATION (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -The Charvaka epistemology holds perception as the primary and proper source of knowledge, while inference is held as prone to being either right or wrong and therefore conditional or invalid. Perceptions are of two types, for Charvaka, external and internal.

Detailed explanation-2: -Charvaka’s ethics was a hedonistic one. They thought that sensuous pleasures were the sole genuine goal of life and that there were no duties for a hereafter or karma. However, a subjective moral norm existed of avoiding pain and suffering during the pleasure process.

Detailed explanation-3: -pratyaksha, (Sanskrit: “that which is before one’s eyes”) in Indian philosophy, perception, the first of the five means of knowledge, or pramanas, that enable a person to have correct cognitions of the world. Pratyaksha is of two kinds, direct perception (anubhava) and remembered perception (smriti).

Detailed explanation-4: -Charvaka’s metaphysics is rooted in their epistemology. They claim that perception or pratyaksa is the only means of valid knowledge. Therefore, only what is perceivable is the object of knowledge. Hence, that which cannot be perceived is not knowledge at all. According to them, matter is the only reality.