EDUCATION (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Samkhya regards ignorance (avidyā) as the root cause of suffering and bondage (Samsara). Samkhya states that the way out of this suffering is through knowledge (viveka). Mokṣa (liberation), states Samkhya school, results from knowing the difference between prakṛti (avyakta-vyakta) and puruṣa (jña).

Detailed explanation-2: -According to Sankara, the Jivatva of the Jiva is a consequence of the Jiva’s false sense of identity i.e. one-ness, with the body, making Jiva an empirical individual.

Detailed explanation-3: -Shankara follows the monism embeds in the Upanishads and declares that Brahman is the only ontological Reality everything else is just name and form. It is attributeless, indeterminate and without a second. It can be only conceive as Existence, Knowledge and Bliss.

Detailed explanation-4: -jiva, (Sanskrit: “living substance”) in Indian philosophy and religion, and particularly in Jainism and Hinduism, a living sentient substance akin to an individual soul.

Detailed explanation-5: -In Advaita Vedanta The effect of avidya is to suppress the real nature of things and present something else in its place. In effect it is not different from Maya (pronounced Māyā) or illusion. Avidya relates to the individual Self (Ātman), while Maya is an adjunct of the cosmic Self (Brahman).