EDUCATION (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Nyaya treated it as theory of knowledge, and its scholars developed it as Pramana-sastras. Pramana, a Sanskrit word, literally is “means of knowledge". It encompasses one or more reliable and valid means by which human beings gain accurate, true knowledge.

Detailed explanation-2: -Jain philosophy accepts three reliable means of knowledge (pramana). It holds that correct knowledge is based on perception (pratyaksa), inference (anumana) and testimony (sabda or the word of scriptures).

Detailed explanation-3: -But when pramāṇa is contrasted with naya, pramāṇa means complete knowledge or holistic knowledge and naya means partial knowledge.

Detailed explanation-4: -The knowledge acquired through the empirical perception and mind is termed as Mati Jnana (Sensory knowledge). According to Jain epistemology, sense perception is the knowledge which the Jīva (soul) acquires of the environment through the intermediary of material sense organs.