EDUCATION (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -In the philosophical systems (darshans), shabda is equated with the authority of the Vedas (the most-ancient sacred scriptures) as the only infallible testimony, since the Vedas are deemed to be eternal, authorless, and absolutely infalliable. Shabda is of particular importance to the exegetic Mimamsa school.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mimamsa School The interpretation of Vedic works such as the Samhita and Brahmana is the emphasis of this school. They argue that the Vedas contain the ultimate truth and are the wellspring of all knowledge.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mimamsa accepts five more nonperceptual sources of knowledge. They are: inference (anumana), comparison (upamana), verbal testimony (sabda), postulation (arthapatti) and nonperception (anupalabdhi).

Detailed explanation-4: -The most important source of empirical knowledge is perception, which refers to the usage of the senses. Many theorists also include introspection as a source of knowledge, not of external physical objects, but of one’s own mental states.

Detailed explanation-5: -Testimony is verbal cognition. Mimamsakas says that only the sounds and the symbols are created and destroyed, while the real words are eternal.