EDUCATION (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -anumana, (Sanskrit: “measuring along some other thing” or “inference”) in Indian philosophy, the second of the pramanas, or the five means of knowledge. Inference occupies a central place in the Hindu school of logic (Nyaya).

Detailed explanation-2: -In which something is distributed in known as vyapya, while which one is distributed is known as vyapaka. Such as in example of fire and smoke, the smoke is vyapya and fire is vyapaka, because the smoke has fire. They are known as hetu and sadhya in the process of inference.

Detailed explanation-3: -Anumana is using observation, previous truths and reason to reach a new conclusion and truth. A simple example is observing smoke and inferring that there must be fire. Anumana consists of five steps: a hypothesis (pratijna), reason (hetu), an example (udaharana), reaffirmation (upanaya) and conclusion (nigamana).

Detailed explanation-4: -Structures of Anumāna: In every anumāna, there are 03 terms viz. Sadhya, Paksa and Hetu. These 03 terms correspond to the major, minor and middle term respectively. Hetu is also called linga.