EDUCATION (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -In his classic study of Folkways (1906), William Graham Sumner observed that people tend to like their own group (the in-group) over other competing or opposing groups (the out-group). The terms are closely linked to the concept of ethnocentricism.

Detailed explanation-2: -William Summer (1906) introduced the notions of in-group and out-group perspectives when he described the characteristics of American people.

Detailed explanation-3: -An in-group is a group to whom you, as a person, belong, and anyone else who is perceived as belonging to that group. In-group members have positive views of each other, and give each member preferential treatment. An out-group consists of anyone who does not belong to your group.

Detailed explanation-4: -One cognitive bias that shows up in the context of health interactions is ingroup/outgroup bias: a pattern of favoring one’s own “ingroup” (a social group with which one identifies) over “outgroup” members (a social group with which one does not identify).

Detailed explanation-5: -Fraternities, sororities, sports teams, and juvenile gangs are examples of in-groups. Members of an in-group often end up competing with members of another group for various kinds of rewards. This other group is called an out-group.