EDUCATION (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Norm-referenced tests report whether test takers performed better or worse than a hypothetical average student, which is determined by comparing scores against the performance results of a statistically selected group of test takers, typically of the same age or grade level, who have already taken the exam.

Detailed explanation-2: -Hence, it is clear that when the performance of a student is compared with another student, it is called norm-referenced testing.

Detailed explanation-3: -Norm-referenced refers to standardized tests that assess competency using norms to interpret and report scores. Rather than using expert judgment to establish performance standards, norm-referenced tests use scores from a representative group of students from across the country.

Detailed explanation-4: -Summative assessments-tests, quizzes, and other graded course activities that are used to measure student performance. They are cumulative and often reveal what students have learned at the end of a unit or the end of a course.

Detailed explanation-5: -Norm-referenced assessment refers to an assessment that ranks students on a “bell curve” to determine the highest and lowest performing students. This method is used to understand how students’ scores compare to a predefined population with similar experience.