ENGLISH LITERATURE (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -After Issa’s death in 1827, the form suffered through more than a half-century of mediocrity before reformer and revisionist Masaoka Shiki began composing poetry. He brought a distinctly Western, agnostic flavor to haikai and hokku by focusing on the 5-7-5 sequence, which he renamed haiku.

Detailed explanation-2: -In the late 19th century, Masaoka Shiki (1867–1902) renamed the standalone hokku as “haiku", and the latter term is now generally applied retrospectively to all hokku appearing independently of renku or renga, irrespective of when they were written.

Detailed explanation-3: -Matsuo Basho, originally Matsuo Chuemon Munefusa, was born in Ueno, Japan, in 1644 to a family of samurai descent.

Detailed explanation-4: -The haiku developed from the hokku, the opening three lines of a longer poem known as a tanka. The haiku became a separate form of poetry in the 17th century.

Detailed explanation-5: -He also wrote haiku and tanka from his bed until his death. His ability to formulate his theory for writing haiku grew out of his desire to make reforms before these genres lost their relevance and immediacy; otherwise, the popularity of Western poetry styles would have predominated.