ENGLISH LITERATURE (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Reader-Response Criticism asserts that a great deal of meaning in a text lies with how the reader responds to it. Deals more with the process of creating meaning and experiencing a text as we read. A text is an experience, not an object. The text is a living thing that lives in the reader’s imagination.

Detailed explanation-2: -Marxist criticism focuses on the act of reading and how it affects readers’ perceptions of a text. Historical criticism examines how literary texts reflect the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes of the time in which they were created.

Detailed explanation-3: -New Historicism: Provides background information necessary to understand how literary texts were perceived in their time. Shows how literary texts reflect ideas and attitudes of the time in which they were written.

Detailed explanation-4: -An objective reading of a text is one that is uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices. Reader-Response criticism offers a subjective, or egocentric, reading of a text. Egocentrism refers to anything that regards the self of the individual as the center of all things.

Detailed explanation-5: -Formalist Criticism emphasizes the form of a literary work to determine its meaning, focusing on literary elements and how they work to create meaning. Examines a text as independent from its time period, social setting, and author’s background.