ENGLISH LITERATURE (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -To Aristotle, wisdom was a goal achieved only after effort, and unless a person chose to think and act wisely, other virtues would remain out of reach. Socrates believed that happiness could be achieved without virtue, but that this happiness was base and animalistic.

Detailed explanation-2: -Detailed Solution. The correct answer is ‘Aristotle felt the need for repetition to develop good habits in students: Socrates felt that students should carry out their own thoughts’. The given passage is talking about various educational thinkers and their views on providing education.

Detailed explanation-3: -Aristotle also investigated areas of philosophy and fields of science that Plato did not seriously consider. According to a conventional view, Plato’s philosophy is abstract and utopian, whereas Aristotle’s is empirical, practical, and commonsensical.

Detailed explanation-4: -Aristotle’s vision of the virtue’s source can be considered as more realistic in comparison with Socrates’ one. He is the first philosopher who develops the moral principles with focusing on the voluntary aspect of personality. The knowledge has the general character, and the action is a result of the personal will.

Detailed explanation-5: -According to Plato, reality exists away from the material world, within the world of forms, which can only be viewed with the eye of the mind. Reality, for Aristotle, was right here in this world. It was Aristotle’s elevation of the material realm that launched what we think of as science.