ENGLISH LITERATURE (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Two new parties formed. The Tories were opposed to this exclusion while the “Country Party", who were soon to be called the Whigs, supported it.

Detailed explanation-2: -The exclusionists, increasingly known by the label ‘Whigs’, continued to lobby against Catholicism and the threat of what they viewed as ‘arbitrary government’. The parties that were crystallized in the debates about exclusion-Whigs and Tories-dominated politics through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Detailed explanation-3: -Both names originated as terms of abuse used by their opponents. The exclusionists were nicknamed Whiggamores or Whigs, likening them to the Scottish Presbyterians who had rebelled against the established church; the anti-exclusionists were called Tories, a name given to Catholic highwaymen and robbers in Ireland.

Detailed explanation-4: -Whig and Tory, members of two opposing political parties or factions in England, particularly during the 18th century. Originally “Whig” and “Tory” were terms of abuse introduced in 1679 during the heated struggle over the bill to exclude James, duke of York (afterward James II), from the succession.

Detailed explanation-5: -While the Whigs were those who supported the exclusion of James, the Duke of York from the succession to thrones of Scotland and England and Ireland (the Petitioners), the Tories were those who opposed the Exclusion Bill (the Abhorrers).